Music
Music is an art form whose medium is sound. Common
elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and
harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter,
and articulation), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre
and texture. The word derives from Greek μουσική (mousike),
"(art) of the Muses".
The creation, performance, significance, and even the definition of music
vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly
organized compositions (and their recreation in performance), through
improvisational music to aleatoric forms. Music can be divided into
genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships
between music genres are often subtle, sometimes open to individual
interpretation, and occasionally controversial. Within "the arts", music
may be classified as a performing art, a fine art, and auditory art.
To many people in many cultures music is an important part of their
way of life. Greek philosophers and ancient Indian philosophers
defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically
as harmonies. Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres
" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often
ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer
John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example,
"There is no noise, only sound."According to musicologist Jean
Jacques Nattiez, "the border between music and noise is always
culturally defined—which implies that, even within a single society,
this border does not always pass through the same place; in short,
there is rarely a consensus.... By all accounts there is no single and
intercultural universal concept defining what music might be, except
that it is 'sound through time'."